Editors, leading Republican, 1880, iii. 413-4.

Edson, Franklin, nominated for mayor of N.Y., 1882, iii. 498; elected, 498.

Election frauds, 1866, iii. 175; sudden increase in naturalization, 1866, 175; state carried by fraud, 1868, 215-8; practised in 1867, 187-8; in 1870, 242.

Election of U.S. senators, influence of money, iii. 221; Conkling's testimony, 170.

Electoral Commission, iii. 352; preceded by civil war spirit, 351-2; rule insisted upon by two parties, 352; com. made up, 353; bill pa.s.sed by Dem. votes, 355.

Ellicott, Joseph, resigns as ca.n.a.l commissioner, i. 261.

Elmendorff, Lucas, removed Clinton from mayoralty, i. 231.

Ely, Alfred, in Congress, ii. 339, note; disapproves Weed's compromise, 339, note.

Ely, Smith, nominated for mayor of N.Y., 1876, iii. 346; elected, 350.

Emanc.i.p.ation, opposition to, iii. 17, 18, 34, 37, 76.

Embargo, ordered by Jefferson, i. 163; opposed by the Clintons, 165, 168, 171; by Van Vechten and Cady, 169; defended by German and Sanford, 170-1, 174; repeal of, 179.

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, influence of attack on Fort Sumter, iii. 3.

Emmet, Robert, son of Thomas Addis Emmet, i. 357; sent to a.s.sembly 1827, 357; ch'm. Rep. nat. con., 1856, ii. 232; on Seward, 232.

Emmet, Thomas Addis, brother of Robert Emmet, i. 183; his coming to America, 183-4; attorney-general, 213; removed, 213; request in Clinton's behalf, 221; resents Clinton's removal as ca.n.a.l commissioner, 329.

England, cause of trouble with America, i. 2.

English, William H., nominated for Vice President, 1880, iii. 457; defeated, 463.

Equal Rights party, history of, ii. 16.

Erie ca.n.a.l, early views and surveys of, i. 241-3; discouragements, 242; no help from Congress, 243; Tompkins does not favour, 246; opposed by Tammany, 251; supported by Van Buren, 251; bill pa.s.sed, 251; sentiment in its favour, 252; work on, began, 252; its progress, 253; Tammany's opposition silenced, 261-2; opened between Utica and Rome, 327; Utica and Montezuma, 327; opening of in 1825, 345.

Seward on, ii. 34-5-6; cost of, 1862, 36; policy of enlargement, 49-50; Dems. divided, 52; stop and tax law of 1842, 54; estimated and actual cost of, 60; Seymour's prophecy, 63-4; how affected by const.i.tution of 1846, 107-9; nine million loan unconst.i.tutional, 163; const.i.tution amended, 183; loan of ten and one-half millions, 183-4; boast of Whigs, 188.

Disclosures of fraud, 1867, iii. 174, 182-4; aids defeats of Rep. party, 182; Tilden's message against ca.n.a.l ring, 321; colossal frauds, 322; investigating com. appointed, 323; prosecutions, 323.

Evarts, William M., at Chicago con., 1861, ii. 283; presents Seward's name, 288; moved to make Lincoln's nomination unanimous, 289; witty remark to Curtis, 289; letter to Lincoln, 349, note; candidate for U.S. Senate, 361; career and gifts of, 361-2; work at Chicago, 362; contest for senator, 363-5; forces went to Harris, 363-5, note.

Acts as agent of the President, iii. 7; proposed for gov., 1876, 336; in campaign of 1879, 425; criticised, 425.

Evershed, Thomas, nominated for state eng., 1881, iii. 484; defeated, 486.

Fairchild, Charles S., nominated for atty.-gen., 1874, iii. 326; elected, 331; fine record, 380; opposed for renomination, 380; defeated, 384.

Fairman, Charles G., Elmira _Advertiser_, a leading Rep. editor, iii. 414.

Farrington, Thomas, defeated for atty.-gen., ii. 92.

Fay, John D., nominated for ca.n.a.l com., 1870, iii. 231; elected, 244.

"Featherhead," t.i.tle applied to Half-breeds, iii. 482.

Federalists, "high-minded," who composed them, i. 273; oppose Clinton's re-election, 1820, 279; declared Federal party dissolved, 279.

_Federalist_, The, written largely by Hamilton, i. 32; its influence, 32.

Federalists, The, alarmed at delay of ratification of Federal Const.i.tution, i. 35; reasons for, 35; organisation of party, 38; nominate Yates for gov., 38; counted out, 56; anger of, 59-60; elect Jay gov., 65; re-elect him, 82; lose New York, 1800, 91; indorse Burr for President, 101; refuse to read the Declaration of Independence, 176; support Clinton for President, 1812, 202-8; oppose war of 1812, 219-30; favour a New England confederacy, 227-8; support Clinton for gov., 1817, 247, 252; get no appointments, 255; aid Clinton's choice for speaker, 258; King predicts party split, 259; controlled by Clinton, 267; sons of Hamilton and King declare party dissolved, 279-80.

Fellows, Henry, dishonest treatment of, i. 256.

Fellows, John R., early career, iii. 459; eloquent speaker, 459; follower of Tilden, 459; at Dem. nat. con., 1880, 459; part in spectacular reconciliation, 459.

Fenton, Reuben E., at birth of Rep. party, ii. 211; career and character of, 212; re-elected to Congress, 242.

Character and appearance, iii. 115-6; record and service, 115-6; nominated for gov., 1864, 117; conducts strong campaign, 125; elected, 125; renominated, 1866, 151; opposed by formidable combination, 165; Seward predicted his defeat, 166; elected, 165; acceptability of, 192; aspires to vice presidency, 1868, 192; defeated, 193; candidate for U.S. Senate, 1869, 220; strength and popularity, 220; charged with graft, 221; elected, 222; influence with Grant, 232; relations severed, 232; opposes Murphy's confirmation, 1870, 235; contest with Conkling, 234-5; renewed at Rep. state con., 1870, 235; overconfident, 236; defeated, 236; inactive in campaign, 241; his organisation crushed, 1871, 250-63; its representatives secede from con., 1871, 264; a.s.semble as a separate body, 264; joins Lib. Rep. movement, 283; first to appear at nat. con., 283; organises for Greeley's nomination, 283; attended Lib. Rep. state con., 1872, 296; on com. to confer with Dems., 296; ready to support Church for gov., 1874, 312.

Field, David D., a Barnburner, ii. 131; at Utica con., 131; family of, 244; code of civil procedure, 244; candidate for U.S. Senate, 244; defeated, 244; delegate to peace congress, 350; on com. on res., 358; opposed change in const.i.tution, 359; controversy over, 359.

Support for U.S. Senate, 1863, iii. 55; prefers another candidate than Lincoln for President, 104.

Field, Maunsell B., Chase desires him for a.s.st. U.S. treas., iii. 95; leads to Chase's resignation, 96.

Fillmore, Millard, youth and career of, i. 371; a Weed lieutenant, 372; less faithful than Seward to Weed, 379.

Defeated for U.S. Senate, ii. 38; nominated for gov., 1844, 79-80; compared with Wright, 80-1; confident of election, 88; defeated, 89; elected state comp., 127; nominated for Vice President, 1848, 137-8; elected, 143; breaks with Weed, 148; becomes President, 151; approves the fugitive slave law, 151-2; opposes Seward's indors.e.m.e.nt, 153; Fish on, 166; not nominated for President, 166-8; career after defeat, 168-9; nominated for President by Americans, 238; indorsed by old-line Whigs, 238; condemned Rep. party, 238; defeated, 242; helped Buchanan's election, 242; criticised by Southern press, iii. 10.

Financial crisis, cause of, 1837, ii. 16-20.

Finch, Francis M., nominated judge of Court of Appeals, 1881, iii. 485; elected, 486.

Fish, Hamilton, nominated for lt.-gov., 1846, ii. 118; defeated, 120; elected lt.-gov., 1847, 128; nominated for gov., 1848, 139; popularity of, 139; career of, 140; elected gov., 144; elected U.S. senator, 162; on Fillmore, 166; relations with Conkling, 243; not returned to U.S. Senate, 243; approves Weed's compromise, 338; attends Saratoga con., 1866, iii. 144.

Fish, Nicholas, nominated for lt.-gov., i. 173; father of Hamilton Fish, 173; character of, 173; popularity of, 185; defeated for lt.-gov., 185.

Fitch, Charles E., editor of Rochester _Democrat-Chronicle_, iii. 376; character as a writer, 376; deprecates Conkling's attack on Curtis, 376; Conkling's retort, 376; a leading Rep. editor, 414.

Flagg, Azariah, member of Albany Regency, i. 294; member of a.s.sembly, 325; career and character of, 326; appearance, 326; opposes election of presidential electors, 326; insists on Yates' renomination, 326.

Comp. of state, ii. 52; leader of Radicals, 58; against Seymour for speaker, 90; re-elected comp., 92.

Flower, Roswell P., presented for gov., 1882, iii. 488; early career, 488-9; supported by anti-Tilden leaders, 489; distrusted by Manning, 489; a.s.sociated with Jay Gould, 489; contest with Sloc.u.m, 491; defeated, 496.

Folger, Charles G., character of, iii. 77; approves emanc.i.p.ation, 77; favours postponing Rep. nat. con., 1864, 88; aspires to the U.S. Senate, 1867, 166; nominated for chief judge of Court of Appeals, 1880, 460; elected, 463; appointed sec. of treas., 1881, 486; nominated for gov., 1882, 494; bad methods used, 495; not suspected of complicity, 496; advised to decline, 496; dissuaded by Stalwarts, 496; pathetic appeal, 497; pure and useful life crushed by defeat, 498.