Conkling, Roscoe, ambitious to be atty.-gen., ii. 187; early career of, 187; defeated by Ogden Hoffman, 188; on Whig con., 1854, 201; in campaign, 1858, 251; ability as speaker, 251; his muscle, 251; stigmatises Dem. state peace con., 357, note; commends Clinton's loyalty, 357, note; lack of tact, 389.

On battle of Ball's Bluff, iii. 31; opposes legal tender act, 32; character of, 32; defeated for Congress, 1862, 52; refuses to betray Lincoln, 104; re-elected to Congress, 1864, 125; tours state, 1866, 164; cand. for U.S. Senate, 1867, 166; service in House, 167; Blaine's attack, 168; his vanity, 168; strong support by Roberts, 169; declines to use money, 170; wins because of ability, 171; ch'm. of con., 1867, 172-3; tolerant of Johnsonised Reps., 173; Fenton suspicious of, 174; vigorous campaign, 1868, 212; on election frauds, 1868, 215; relations with Grant, 232; secures Murphy's confirmation, 1870, 235; bitter contest with Fenton, 234-5; resumed at Rep. state con., 1870, 235; hesitates to attend, 236; Grant requests it, 236; defeats Fenton, 236; urges Curtis for gov., 1870, 238; dodges vote, 238; active in campaign, 241-2; loses, 244; Greeley attacks him, 257; efforts to crush Fenton-Greeley machine, 1871, 250-64; speech at con., 1871, 261-63; beats Fenton organisation, 263; succeeds at the polls, 275; upholds Grant's administration, 278-9; Robertson's dislike begins, 294; speech in campaign, 1872, 301; re-elected, 1873, 305; offered place on U.S. Sup. Court, 305; declines law partnership, 305; zenith of power, 305; rivalry of Tilden, 1875, 329; speeches in campaign, 330-1; Reps. defeated, 331; aspires to be President, 1876, 332; Curtis' opposition, 333; mild endors.e.m.e.nt, 333; treatment in Rep. Nat. con., 333-5; fails to attend Rep. state con., 338; strong speech in campaign, 347; ignores Hayes and Wheeler, 347; favours Electoral Com., 356; excluded from it, 356; at Rep. state con., 1877, 362; Curtis' tart criticism, 369-70; reply to Curtis, 370-7; masterpiece of sarcasm and invective, 374; attack regarded too severe, 376; regretted by Rep. press, 376; Curtis' opinion of, 376; established newspaper at Utica, 385; reason for defeat, 1877, 388 and note; silent on money question, 390-1; at Rep. state con., 1878, 391; at peace with Curtis, 391-2; work in campaign, 1878, 395; re-elected to Senate, 1879, 397; successors to Arthur and Cornell nominated, 1877, 399; dislike of President Hayes, 402-3; defeats Roosevelt and Merritt, 404-5; reconciliation with Blaine surmised, 405-6, 410; Arthur and Cornell suspended, 1878, 406; fails to defeat successors, 408-9; opposed adoption of hard-money platform, 407; resists repeal of election laws, 411-2; ch'm. Rep. state con., 1879, 412; nominates Cornell for gov., 1879, 414-18; his ticket elected, 427; supports Grant for third term, 428-30; controls Rep. state con., 1880, 432; his speech, 433-4; at Rep. nat. con., 1880, 438-46; leader of the Stalwarts, 438; remarkable receptions, 439; brilliant speech, 439-40; criticises Blaine, 440; the faithful, 306, 441; opposes Stalwarts accepting Vice-Presidency, 442-4; stoutly objects to Arthur taking it, 444; refuses to present his name, 444; hostility to Garfield, 461; avoids meeting him, 461; a veiled threat, 461; visits Garfield at Mentor, 1880, 461; avoids political topics, 461; congratulates Platt on election to Senate, 1881, 468; visits Mentor, 1881, 468; works in harmony with President, 468; Robertson appointed, Mar. 23, 469; a surprise, 469-70; reports and theories, 469-70; a Blaine triumph, 470-1; fails to defeat it, 473-6; last caucus attended, May 13, 476; resignation forwarded to Cornell, May 13, 476; reasons for it, 477-78; seeks a re-election at Albany, 478; Rep. caucus refused, 479; first ballot gives highest vote, 479; successor elected, July 22, 482; defeats Cornell's renomination for gov., 1882, 493; reasons for, 493.

Connolly, Richard B., known as "Slippery d.i.c.k," iii. 177; suave and crafty, 177; Tweed's bookkeeper, 177; begins in 1857 as county clerk, 177; made city comp., 1865, 177; his rake-off on bills, 178; exposure of, 1871, 246; startling crime of, 246; resigns, 247; escapes to Europe with plunder, 248; dies abroad, 248, note.

Conover, Daniel D., nominated for prison insp., 1869, iii. 226; defeated, 227.

Conservative Democrats, first called Hunkers, ii. 95.

Conservatives, faction of the Dem. party, ii. 52, 126; favoured using surplus for ca.n.a.ls, 52, 126; leaders of, 53, 126; called Hunkers, 1845, 126; see Hunkers.

Const.i.tution, Federal, con. called, i. 29; draft sent to legislatures, 32; riots in New York, 32; Clinton's opposition, 32; Hamilton on, 32; con. to ratify, 33; held at Poughkeepsie, 33; sacrifices of New York, 34; people's dislike of, 34; date of ratification, 35; vote on, 36; officially proclaimed, 36.

Const.i.tution, State, drafted by Jay, i. 8; in Jay's handwriting, 13; when and how reported, 13-15; approved by New England, 15; conservative, 15; not ratified by people, 15; amended, 1801, 115; new one adopted, 1821, 299-310; broadened suffrage, 299-302; popularised the judiciary, 302-6; elective officers, 307-10; changes made, 311; ratified, 311; new one adopted, 1846, ii. 103-13; known as People's Const.i.tution, 113.

Const.i.tutional Amendments ratified, 1874, iii. 320, note.

Const.i.tutional convention, first one, i. 5-14; men composing it, 5; a.s.sembles at Kingston, 1777, 5; delegates elected by people, 5; recess, 6; rea.s.sembles, 6; Jay drafts const.i.tution, 6; number of members, 13; leader of radicals, 13; hasty adjournment of, 14.

Second one, i. 115-6; a.s.sembles at Albany, 1801, 115; purpose of, 115; Burr its president, 115.

Third one, i. 298-311; a.s.sembles, 1821, 298; distinguished delegates, 298; Bucktail body, 298; Tompkins its president, 299; Van Buren its leader, 298; reforms demanded, 299-310; freehold suffrage, 299-302; compromise suffrage, 299-302; negro suffrage, 299-300; suffrage to elect state senators, 300-1; suffrage settled, 301; Van Buren, speech of, 302; sentiment against old judges, 302; bitter words, 303; Van Buren a peacemaker, 304; former judges finally abolished, 306; what con. subst.i.tuted, 305; justices of peace, 308-10; const.i.tution ratified, 311; summary of changes made, 311.

Fourth one, ii. 103-13; a.s.sembles, 103; prominent delegates, 103-4; absence of Seward, 104-5; Greeley failed of election, 105; popular sovereignty in, 105-6; limited power of property, 107; rights of negro, 107; state indebtedness, 107-9; elective judiciary, 109-12; established Court of Appeals, 111; ratified, 113.

Const.i.tutional convention, 1867, iii. 184; negro suffrage, 185; recesses until after election, 185; result submitted by legislature of 1869, 227; unrestricted negro suffrage, 227; defeated, 227.

Const.i.tutional Union convention, The, 1863, iii. 79; its platform, 79, note.

Const.i.tutional Union party, organised, 1860, ii. 326; Bell and Everett, 326; platform of, 326; fuses with Softs, 326; scheme a.s.sailed, 327; composition of, iii. 37; opposes emanc.i.p.ation, 37; its con., 1862, 37; nominated Seymour for gov., 38.

Cook, Bates, state comp., ii. 36.

Cook, James M., nominated comp. of state, ii. 188; ambitious to be gov., 1858, 247; favours postponing Rep. nat. con., 1864, iii. 88.

Cooper, Edward, figures in cipher dispatches, iii. 351; asked for money by Pelton, 351; informs Tilden, 351; nominated for mayor of N.Y., 393-4; elected, 397; strengthened by gov.'s appointments, 418.

Cooper, Peter, candidate for President, 1876, iii. 389.

Copeland, William, aids in exposure of Tweed ring, iii. 246.

"Copperheads," epithet first used, iii. 58, and note.

Cornell, Alonzo B., nom. for lt.-gov., 1868, iii. 196; defeated, 215; evidences of fraud in election, 215-8; career and character, 251-2; head of Rep. state organisation, 251; efforts to crush Fenton-Greeley machine, 1871, 250-64; bold ruling, 259; defeated for nomination for gov. and lt.-gov., 1876, 337-8; bitter feeling, 339; his successor as naval officer appointed, 1877, 399; confirmation defeated, 404-5; President suspends him, 1878, 406; reason for, 406; successor confirmed, 409; nominated for gov., 1879, 416; alleged alliance with Kelly, 425; reasons for the story, 426; aided by Secretary Sherman, 427; Sherman's excuse, 427, note; elected, 427; ran behind the ticket, 427; did not attend Rep. nat. con., 1880, 465; zenith of power, 465; relations to Stalwart leaders, 465; supports Platt for Senate, 1881, 465; asks Garfield to withdraw Robertson's appointment, 472; strained relations with Conkling, 478-9; refused to become cand. against him, 479; adm. as gov. approved by state con., 1881, 485; cand. for renomination, 1882, 492; opposed by Arthur, Conkling, and Jay Gould, 493; coercion and fraud practiced, 493-4; his defeat, 494.

Cornell, Oliver H.P., nominated for eng., 1874, iii. 325; defeated, 331.

Corning, Erastus, at Charleston con., ii. 272; at peace congress, 350.

Cand. for Senate, 1863, iii. 55; character of, 56; offices held, 56; opposes Vallandigham's arrest, 65; Lincoln's letter to, 66; opposes Tilden, 1876, 342; aspires to be gov., 1882, 488; defeated, 489.

Cornwall, George J., nominated for lt.-gov., 1850, ii. 154.

Cotton Whigs, followers of Fillmore, ii. 165; favourable to South, 165.

Council of Appointment, suggested by Adams, i. 8; how elected, 11; proposed by Jay, 11; account of, 11, note; bungling compromise, 12; a political machine, 61; Jay's interpretation of, 62; offices controlled by, 62; Clinton controls it, 107; modified, 1801, 115-6; reduced gov. to a figurehead, 119; abolished, 1821, 311.

Council of Revision, created by first Const.i.tution, i. 10; membership of, 10; failure to act, 10; model for, 10.

Council of Safety, appointed by first const.i.tutional con., i. 16; orders election of gov., 17.

County Democracy, organisation of, iii. 483; delegates admitted to Dem. state con., 1881, 484; ticket elected, 486; sagacity in Dem. state con., 1882, 490; ostensibly for Campbell, 490; solid for Cleveland, 491; unites with Tam. on local ticket, 498; elects city and state officials, 498.

Court of Appeals, established, 1846, ii. 111.

Court of Errors and Impeachment, created by first Const.i.tution, i. 12; composed of, 12; model for, 12.

Court, Supreme, judges of, i. 12; members of Council of Revision, 10; how created, 12.

c.o.x, Jacob D., leaves Grant's cabinet, iii. 279-80; joins Lib. Reps., 283; opposes Greeley, 283.

c.o.x, Samuel S., removes from Ohio to New York, iii. 288, note; elected to Congress, 288; criticised by Greeley, 288; attends Dem. nat. con., 1872, 287; favours Greeley's nomination, 288.

Crane, William C., defeated for speaker, ii. 90; contest over const.i.tutional con., 97-9.

Crary, John, nominated for lt.-gov., 1828, i. 363; unfaithful, 363-4; defeated, 368.

Crawford, William H., favoured for President, 1816, i. 237; character of, 237.

Crittenden Compromise, similar to Weed's, ii. 340; not new to Congress, 341; Greeley on, 341; Dix on, 341; Senate Committee of Thirteen, 341-2; Republicans opposed it, 342; its failure led to civil war, 342; Lincoln opposed, 344; majority of voters favour, 347; pet.i.tions for, 349.

Crittenden, John J., author of compromise, ii. 340; like Weed's, 340; Nestor of U.S. Senate, 340; weeps when Seward speaks, 378.

Croker, Richard, attache of Connolly's office, iii. 318; Kelly makes him marshal, 318.

Croswell, Edwin, editor _Argus_, i. 294; lieutenant of Van Buren, 345; opens the way for Jackson, 357; gifts and career of, 374; ii. 56-7; met Weed in boyhood, i. 374; rival editors estranged, 375; seeks Weed's aid in trouble, 375; a.s.sociates of, ii. 1; reappointed state printer, 56-7; ability and leadership, 58-9; after Van Buren's defeat, 74, 83; slippery-elm editor, 84; supports Seymour for speaker, 91; defeats Young, 92; election of U.S. senators, 93; shrewd tactics, 94-5; part in Wright's defeat, 123; retires from active life, 134.

Crowley, Richard, made U.S. atty., iii. 252, note; member of Conkling machine, 252; cand. for U.S. Senate, 1881, 465; Stalwart leaders divide, 465; fitness for position, 466; handicapped by his supporters, 466; defeated in caucus, 468.

Crowley, Rodney R., nominated for prison insp., 1874, iii. 326; elected, 331.

Curtis, Edward, elected to Congress, ii. 16.

Curtis, George William, in campaign, 1856, ii. 240; early career of, 240; refined rhetoric, 240; on Kansas struggle, 241; at Chicago con., 282; eloquence of, 282.

Reasons for Rep. defeat, 1862, iii. 52; campaign of 1864, 121; aspires to U.S. Senate, 1867, 166; not an active cand., 169; rejects a combination, 169; nominated for sec. of state, 1869, 225; withdraws from ticket, 225; ch'm. of Rep. state con., 1870, 236; name presented for gov., 1870, 238; defeated, 238; on civil service reform, 306; praises Tilden, 310; ch'm. Rep. state con., 1875, 324; opposes Conkling for President, 1876, 332-3; also Cornell for gov. and lt.-gov., 1876, 338; at Rep. state con., 1877, 366; insists on Hayes' endors.e.m.e.nt, 366; character and early career, 366; offered choice of foreign missions, 366; defence of President, 1877, 368; criticism of Conkling, 368-70; Curtis and Conkling contrasted, 370; Conkling's attack upon, 371-4; his opinion of, 376; at Rep. state con., 1878, 391; at peace with Conkling, 391; votes against Cornell, 1879, 416; called a "scratcher," 424; sharp retort, 425; answers Conkling's speech, 1880, 434; opposed uniting with Stalwarts, 1881, 467; stigmatises method of Folger's nomination for gov., 1882, 495; resigns editorship of _Harper's Weekly_, 495, note; mistake disavowed by publishers, 495, note.

Curtis, Newton M., at Rep. state con., 1880, iii. 434; views as to independence of delegates, 434; supports instructions of state con., 434.